Extensive high temperature testing up to 1500°C under various atmospheres including:
Catalyst performance testing/screening:
Technique Characteristics | JEOL JSM-7001F FE-SEM/EDS |
JEOL |
Perkin Elmers |
Perkin Elmers PHI-600 SAM/SIMS |
|
Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy w/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy | Scanning Electron Microscopy w/ Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy | X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) | Auger Electron Spectroscopy/ Scanning Auger Multiprobe (AES-SAM) |
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) | |
Probe | electrons | electrons | x-ray | electrons | ions |
Detected Particles | electrons and photons | electrons and photons | electrons | electrons | +ve or -ve ions |
Range | B and higher | B and higher | Li and higher | Li and higher | 1 - 511 amu |
Sampling Depth | 0.5 – 5 µm | 0.5 – 5 µm | 10 - 50 Å | 4 - 30 Å | 20 - 50 Å |
Detection Limit* | 0.5 to 2.0 at% | 0.5 to 2.0 at% | 0.1 to 1.0 at% | 0.1 to 1.0 at% | ppm to ppb |
Depth Profiling (Speed and Type) | N/A | N/A | fast, argon ions | fast, argon ions | fast, argon/oxygen |
Information | elemental | elemental | elemental, chemical | elemental, some chemical | elemental, some structural |
Quantitative | semi | semi | semi | semi | not usually |
Probe Spatial Resolution | 1.2 nm | 4.0 nm | 75 µm | ~35 nm | 200 µm to 1 mm |
Advantages |
excellent spatial resolution
elemental mapping
|
excellent spatial resolution
elemental mapping
|
few limitations on sample type
chemical state information
low damage to sample
|
good spatial resolution
elemental mapping
analyzing conductors and semiconductors |
excellent sensitivity
isotope and hydrogen detection
|
* Detection limit varies by element